Showing posts with label geology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label geology. Show all posts

Ice, Mud and Blood: Lessons from Climates Past Review

Ice, Mud and Blood: Lessons from Climates Past
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Ice, Mud and Blood: Lessons from Climates Past ReviewThis book is absolutely brimming with scientific information. The author, a geologist specializing on past climate changes, takes the reader on a fascinating quest: to quantify the variations in past climates and to understand the mechanisms precipitating these variations. Spanning a period starting about 55 million years ago, the book covers a variety of methods that scientists use to tease out information on past climates. Understandably, determining what has happened in the distant past can be very tricky and is open to interpretation; this is where the author brilliantly illustrates the scientific method at work. It is clear from this book, especially the final chapter, that the author is convinced that humans are at least partly responsible for the currently observed global warming; consequently, he worries about the future if nothing is done soon to remedy the situation. The writing style is quite clear, friendly, authoritative and accessible. This book can be enjoyed by anyone, but would likely be appreciated the most by science buffs - whether they agree with the author's views on the human contribution to climate change or not.Ice, Mud and Blood: Lessons from Climates Past OverviewImagine a world of wildly escalating temperatures, apocalyptic flooding, devastating storms and catastrophic sea levels.This might sound like a prediction for the future or the storyline of a new Hollywood blockbuster but it's actually what occurred on earth in the past.In a day and age when worrying forecasts for future climate change are the norm, it seems hard to believe that such things happened regularly over time. Canhumankind decipher the past and learn from it?

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The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology (10th Edition) Review

The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology (10th Edition)
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The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology (10th Edition) ReviewThis text is an excellent resource for an Introductory Meteorology course. Each chapter and topic built upon learning from the previous chapters and topics. This text not only covered detailed information about all meteorological topics, but also contained current event information from the past decade, news clippings, and common questions that may confuse students. The animations and extras included on the additional CD provided an added resource for further learning.The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology (10th Edition) Overview Using everyday, easy-to-grasp examples to reinforce basic concepts, this highly regarded handbook remains the standard introduction to meteorology and the atmosphere – components, problems, and applications. Includes the most up-to-date coverage of topics such as: ozone depletion; the ultraviolet index; temperature; dew point temperature and orographic effects; wildfires and weather; thunderstorms and lightning; the record-breaking Florida hurricane season; effects of air pollution, and more. Incorporates top-quality visuals, including new satellite images and illustrations by the award-winning Dennis Tasa, to demonstrate the highly visual nature of meteorology. Uses a largely non-technical writing style to help readers grasp important concepts. For those interested in learning more about meteorology.

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Earth's Climate: Past and Future Review

Earth's Climate: Past and Future
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Earth's Climate: Past and Future ReviewI read this book twice, and wished I had had something like this available to me a few years ago, when I started venturing out into the unnumbered feedback loops, geochemical vagaries and regional idiosyncracies of Quaternary paleoclimatology, trying to form a general picture of it all. But this text isn't just about the Quaternary, mind you, this is a complete introduction to the main issues in Earth's climatology.
That it's mainly PALEOclimatology is unavoidable, since in my opinion "present climatology" is like a nonsense... Climate is an averaged evaluation of regional or global meteorological parameters through time, and the "present" is always too short for such an evaluation. Insight on climate evolution is only gained looking back in time, and projecting our analyses to an immediate future, so it's a science strictly dependent on timescales and perspectives... What we can tentatively tell about our climatic future is still too uncertain, but what was in the past is still available to inform and inspire us to further research, that's why Ruddiman's work is mainly about understanding what happened in the past...
My cheap philosophy aside, I think the author's aim was to introduce the subject from the basics, at a simplified level, in order to teach what kind of processes and interactions are involved in determining Earth's climate and its variability, without having inexperienced readers bogged down into technicalities of all sorts and all together (the necessary way of scientific articles delving deeper into any one very specific topic!). Hypotheses, problems and events are introduced gradually, with a captivating detective-like style, and the telescopic time-perspective (from longer geotectonic time-scales all the way down to centennial and decadal patterns and phenomena, dutifully lingering upon the Milankovic pacemaker) is just what's needed to have the right feeling brought home to students of how the Earth system evolves..
Details of this and that research threads are omitted to aid understanding of the general picture. Bibliographic references provide other information sources for those interested in more..
My own perplexity is on the second chapter: I doubt that such a quick overview of the workings of atmosphere and oceans is enough for those students that never touched any textbooks of meteorology or oceanography. A chapter twice as long would be more informative, I guess making those processes clearer at the outset of the journey would make several students more confident and help them grasp more of what will follow. I know the book is bulky enough already, but more pages and explanations need to be added to the second chapter for teaching's sake...
I have to disagree with the previous reviewer's negativity.. This is an introductory textbook, if any (paleo)climatologist's views had to be included, an encyclopedia would hardly be enough room for all of them!! The last two chapters, on global warming and future climate variability, are the best example of Ruddiman's balance and caution in explaining hypotheses, alternatives, possible fallacies and biases of sorts. As to the reviewer's question, "Who couldn't get a five-star rating discussing climate change and global warming with such a leitmotif?", I invite him to read my review of W.J.Burroughs' "Climate Change: a Multidisciplinary Approach" on the Amazon.co.uk website...
I really hope to see a second edition of Ruddiman's work in the next years, when times will be ripe for exciting updates and more hypotheses to tell...Earth's Climate: Past and Future OverviewWritten from a multidisciplinary perspective by one of the field's preeminent researcher/instructors, Earth's Climate: Past and Future became a classroom favorite by providing an expert summary of climate change past, present, and future. The text worked equally well as either a nonmajors introduction to Earth system science or climate change, or as an upper-undergraduate-level overview of the processes and techniques in climate science.

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The Dance of Air and Sea: How Oceans, Weather, and Life Link Together Review

The Dance of Air and Sea: How Oceans, Weather, and Life Link Together
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The Dance of Air and Sea: How Oceans, Weather, and Life Link Together ReviewTaylor has a nice reporting style which is fine except when he is dealing with more difficult concepts, e.g. Rossby waves, or unresolved issues where the reader can get lost in the back and forth without a proper synthesis. He does particularly well with ecology, but perhaps I think that because I started with more understanding of the concepts. If Taylor finds something interesting or amusing, he will put it in the book even if it has no real link to anything else; this is fine with me as I always enjoyed the extraneous material.
At the end of this write-up is the best explanation of the Coriolis "force" I could find on the web. I will first try to summarize the most important material on air and water circulation.
In general winds and water redistribute heat toward the poles, with winds driving ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream. Since cold air is denser than warm air, you would expect surface winds in the Northern hemisphere (I will focus on that hemisphere) to blow like the trade winds, from north to south, or northeast to southwest because of the Coriolis force. However, surprisingly, there is a high pressure area 30 degrees north (the horse latitudes), causing winds to blow north from there, or from southWEST to northeast because of the Coriolis force. These are the prevailing westerlies which influence US winters, and account much more than the Gulf stream for the moderate winter temperatures in Europe (not just because of the direction from the south, but because they are flowing over water before arriving in Europe, and in winter water is usually warmer than land).

There is also a tendency for colder water to sink, again because of relative density. This relative density is a major contributor to a worldwide pattern of slow ocean circulation (thermohaline circulation) which also helps redistribute heat toward the poles. In the earth's history, sudden release of fresh water from the north pole due to icebergs melting or huge continental lakes quickly draining, has interfered with the thermohaline due to the lower density of fresh to salty water, thereby having a cooling effect on the northern temperate areas.
Monsoons are created because of the temperature differential between land and sea, the sea being cooler in summer, so winds blow on shore carrying moisture. This air rises due to mountains or other causes, therefore cooling, and releasing precipitation.
CORIOLIS "FORCE". "When an object starts to move north or south and is not firmly connected to the ground (air, artillery fire, etc) then it maintains its initial eastward speed as it moves. An object leaving the equator will retain the eastward speed of other objects at the equator, but if it travels far enough it will no longer be going east at the same speed the ground beneath it is. In reality there is no actual force involved, the ground is simply moving at a different speed than the object is "used to". The result is that an object travelling away from the equator will be heading east faster than the ground and will seem to be forced east by some mysterious force. Objects travelling towards the equator will be going more slowly than the ground beneath them and will seem to be forced west. [look up Coriolis force at wisc.edu where there is also a simple diagram]
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Weather Review

Weather
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Weather ReviewThis book has wonderful photos of every type of weather from clouds, sun dogs, rainbows, hail, freezing rain, and on and on. Each description is only a page long and includes a photograph. It's easy to understand and doesn't get into too much detail. My 6 year old, although she didn't understand the text, got this book out of the library and liked it so much she wanted a copy of her own -- she loved looking at the different photos. And as an adult, I had to agree with her, it's great just to thumb through as well as read the specifics.Weather OverviewText and photographs examine weather elements including temperature, humidity, clouds, thunder, lightning, rain, and snow, as well as forecasting and climate.--This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

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Eyewitness Workbooks Weather (DK Eyewitness Workbooks) Review

Eyewitness Workbooks Weather (DK Eyewitness Workbooks)
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Eyewitness Workbooks Weather (DK Eyewitness Workbooks) ReviewMy three year old loves the Eye Know series books. I think the format is a little confusing to read, and occasionally I question some of the facts. Overall, though these books are a great way to start kids on science.Eyewitness Workbooks Weather (DK Eyewitness Workbooks) OverviewPerfect for getting ahead at school or just stimulating children's interest, this groundbreaking series of workbooks leaves the competition in the dust, with exciting subjects, 48 full-color pages, a turn-and-learn info wheel, and special carrying folders. Never before have there been workbooks with so many opportunities for fun and interactive learning!This book helps kids take their knowledge of weather to the next level, from rain showers to hurricanes.

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Weather of the San Francisco Bay Region (California Natural History Guides, No. 63) Review

Weather of the San Francisco Bay Region (California Natural History Guides, No. 63)
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Weather of the San Francisco Bay Region (California Natural History Guides, No. 63) ReviewEver wonder why it's SO COLD at Candlestick Park? Ever wonder why there's so much summer fog, and why it burns off in by Noon? Ever wonder why it can be 45 in San Francisco and 100 in San Jose? Harold Gilliam's concise little book will tell you!
His explanations of the cyclic weather patterns of the Bay Area, and the interactions between ocean-born events and the coastal, Bay and mountain geographies are easy to understand. Even more enticingly, they're easy to observe.
A great read for anyone who lives in (or even visits) the Bay Area.Weather of the San Francisco Bay Region (California Natural History Guides, No. 63) OverviewPossibly no comparable area on earth displays as many varieties of weather simultaneously as the San Francisco Bay Region. Harold Gilliam explains the atmospheric forces and geologic formations that come together in this region's unique confluence of wind, river, ocean, bay, and hills. The fully revised and updated edition of this best-selling book incorporates the latest scientific information--much of it gathered from satellite technology--that has greatly improved our understanding of the weather in the years since the book was first published. Writing in a delightfully engaging style, Gilliam provides the tools necessary for understanding the grand show of nature that takes place around the San Francisco Bay--from Napa Valley in the north to San Jose in the south.Using nontechnical language to define weather terms and the general principles needed to understand weather patterns, Gilliam explains such phenomena as the jet stream, the famous summer fog that pours over the Golden Gate Bridge, and the often dangerous winter tule fog. This edition also includes a discussion of the planetary influences that may cause long-term changes in the local climate: Gilliam explains the "greenhouse effect" and what global warming could mean for the San Francisco Bay Area, looks at the local effects of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena, and considers the thinning of the ozone layer.This fascinating book, enhanced with informative maps, diagrams, and color illustrations, is liberally sprinkled with references to Bay Area neighborhoods and geographic features, giving the book a lively sense of local color.

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